The power of language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The intensity of language - Essay Example Be that as it may, scholars have gigantic ability to impact the standpoint of individuals which can be accustomed to achieve productive changes in the social texture. Development of importance In ‘Superman and Me’, Alexie has underlined that language assumes immensely basic job in the improvement of people. As an Indian, living in Washington, he was regularly gone up against with the double characters of the individuals of his race. They were tame and unassuming in the organization of Whites however in any case displayed their common vivacious character. The language was key boundary which made them reluctant in collaborating with others. In any case, essayist had developed his own language and significance which was roused by his enthusiasm for understanding books. He has utilized words and language in way that characterizes his will to make his own space in the disagreeing society. He built his own importance by affirming that ‘The words inside a passage cooperat ed for a typical purpose’. He further explains that ‘Our reservation was a little section inside the United States’ in this manner defending his reality. Confinement of broken language Alexie has utilized language to comprehend social contrasts and says that ‘knowledge pleased me’. ... His prosperity is confirmation of their misinterpreted thoughts. He is presently a motivation for his race. ‘Many are composing their own sonnets, short stories and novels’ demonstrates the capacity to peruse and compose English language has caused Indians to stand up for themselves as people. Amy Tan’s Mother Tongue is another significant article that exhibits how language can conquer hindrances of class, race and culture. She has utilized ‘all the englishes’ in her composition. This is fascinating expression since it shows the certainty of the author to utilize vernacular English to discuss successfully with individuals whose primary language probably won't be English. The variety in English language has happened in light of the fact that migrant families have transformed it to make it simple for them to utilize and convey. She affirms that vernacular english ‘has become our language of intimacy’. In an outside land, ‘the broke la nguage’ is ‘perfectly natural’ for worker to feel great. She has raised extremely appropriate issue of language and says that individuals who don't talk impeccable English are regarded ‘limited’. Be that as it may, she likewise declares that her composing has caught ‘what language capacity tests can never uncover: her purpose, her enthusiasm, her symbolism, the rhythms of her discourse and the idea of her thoughts’. The author has demonstrated that even ‘broken english’ has the ability to impart thoughts. End Both the authors have utilized English as language for composing and correspondence. They have embraced the standard language to incorporate just as to comprehend the brain research of human relationship. The language is a methods for correspondence and if the individual can impart in ‘broken english’, he has served his/her motivation: which is to move some thought or recommendation or

Preschool Age

During preschool age, physical development starts to back off. It is much more slow than it was during earliest stages. Kids at the youth stage, youngsters begin to get taller and less fatty as they develop. They will look more like grown-ups than like newborn children before the finish of youth. â€Å"During the ages two to six, youngsters make extraordinary walks in the improvement of gross engine abilities, which includes the huge muscles utilized in development â€Å"(Rathus, 2017). At four years of age, she has a progressively unpredictable physical advancement utilizing both gross and fine engine abilities. She has more prominent power over enormous muscles, for example, her arms and legs. She is additionally ready to arrange numerous assignments simultaneously, for example, singing and building hinders rather than when she was a little child. She is significantly more organized in her play than the more youthful youngsters around her. In youth, youngsters seem to gain engine abilities by training them selves in watching the conduct of other kids and adults† (Rathus, 2017, p. 255). Hence, fine engine abilities grow all the more steadily. Fine engine aptitudes are generally the little muscles utilized in control and coordination. Authority over the wrist and fingers empower youngsters to, compose, dress themselves and for her situation the capacity to stack squares. While watching the kid's utilization of language, her appreciation and utilization of words is progressively advanced, she can make sentences and can comprehend what others are stating. She can talk in clear discourse. She is very confident and can comprehend the idea of discussion. Her language is progressively adult, her memory and creative mind has created and she can think all the more emblematically. Youngsters' language abilities grow drastically during the preschool years. Between the ages of three and five, egocentric discourse begins to vanish. The youngster's conversational language begins to demonstrate affectability to the audience, for instance, the subject was alternating talking and tuning in to her individual colleagues. By that age of four years of age, a few achievements kids create are the capacity to pose grown-ups and each other inquiries, alternating talking, and participating in longer discussions. â€Å"They have jargon of 1500-1600 words. They're discourse is familiar and their verbalization is likewise acceptable. Kids can utilize five or six words in sentences and would now be able to arrange two sentences together† (Rathus, 2017 p. 301).

My mom only had one eye

My mom only had one eye My mom only had one eye. I hated her She was such an embarrassment. She cooked for students and teachers to support the family.There was this one day during elementary school where my mom came to say hello to me. I was so embarrassed.How could she do this to me? I ignored her, threw her a hateful look and ran out. The next day at school one of my classmates said, EEEE, your mom only has one eye! I wanted to bury myself. I also wanted my mom to just disappear. I confronted her that day and said, If youre only gonna make me a laughing stock, why dont you just die?My mom did not respond I didnt even stop to think for a second about what I had said, because I was full of anger. I was oblivious to her feelings.I wanted out of that house, and have nothing to do with her. So I studied real hard, got a chance to go abroad to study.Then, I got married. I bought a house of my own. I had kids of my own. I was happy with my life, my kids and the comforts. Then one day, my Mother came to visit m e. She hadnt seen me in years and she didnt even meet her grandchildren.When she stood by the door, my children laughed at her, and I yelled at her for coming over uninvited. I screamed at her, How dare you come to my house and scare my children! GET OUT OF HERE! NOW!!!And to this, my mother quietly answered, Oh, Im so sorry. I may have gotten the wrong address. and she disappeared out of sight.One day, a letter regarding a school reunion came to my house. So I lied to my wife that I was going on a business trip. After the reunion, I went to the old shack just out of curiosity.My neighbors said that she died. I did not shed a single tear. They handed me a letter that she had wanted me to have.My dearest son,I think of you all the time. Im sorry that I came to your house and scared your children.I was so glad when I heard you were coming for the reunion. But I may not be able to even get out of bed to see you. Im sorry that I was a constant embarrassment to you when you were growing up.You see..when you were very little, you got into an accident, and lost your eye. As a mother, I couldnt stand watching you having to grow up with one eye. So I gave you mine.I was so proud of my son who was seeing a whole new world for me, in my place, with that eye.With all my love to you,Your mother.Author Unknown

Bachelor Paper Sample on Psychology

Bachelor Paper Sample on Psychology Abstract Life brings about different scenarios and situations that test one’s ability to relate to the environment or society. It tends to measure their input, processes, and output towards certain situations, guiding their day to day lives. With time, these behaviors begin to define an individual’s character and guide their actions towards certain situations. Their personality continues to grow with time as they relate to others and find an edge of the society. However, the personality comes from their constant growth of their ego, which allows them to define right from wrong. The research paper will look into the ego and its various states since the time of birth until death. Moreover, it will highlight various key concepts that allow it to develop over the years as well as guide their steps from one stage to another. The paper will focus on Sigmund Freud’s participation towards the development of psychology and how his initial thoughts and ideas allowed other psycholog ists to expand further. Ego Personality is a key characteristic present in every human being, but it varies depending on several factors. An individual’s personality plays a crucial role towards building an individual’s character and relation with others. Therefore, one has to understand their personality in order to relate well with others positively without any problem. Personality exists in different variations, and one of them is ego. Ego helps one not to act out in certain instances for the sake of pleasing the crown or for whatever reason that is not inherent. Moreover, it can be a determining factor towards the choices an individual makes in his or her day to day life. Some people tend to have a high ego than others do, but the attitude often turns out to be an irritation to others while others have a conducive ego. The variance in ego tends to exist in two other personality traits: the id and superego, which define a person’s character and behavior. Background A person’s ego tends to operate on the principle of reality, in which the individual works towards satisfying his or her id’s desire but limits it to realism and appropriateness (Sletvold 1020). For instance, if one is driving their car and another driver cuts them abruptly, their ego might push them to chase after the driver or rant and ignore them. The id plays a major part towards the initial reaction of cause, which pushes the ego to act up (Sletvold 1021). If one cannot control their ego, the superego acts up, leading to a conflict with others. Therefore, the ego stands in between the initial interaction with people or a decision and the final result of the incidence. It helps one to understand that their response might not be socially unacceptable and there are other ways to vent out the frustration. Psychology allows people to understand better the effects of ego upon themselves and the society. The ego psychology is a school that focuses on psychoanalysis and the structural id-ego-superego model developed by Sigmund Freud (Jian 610). It explores the various ways an individual interacts with the external world and responds to their internal forces. Ego plays a major part towards psychoanalysis whereby psychoanalysts use it to construct a theoretical perspective towards life. Sigmund Freud developed the psychic apparatus to denote the central and theoretic construct of metapsychology (Jian 611). There is an assumption psychologists make when looking at metapsychology that life acts as the function of an apparatus, which people describe their characteristics in a vast space. Freud tends to use the German terms ‘seelishcer Apparat’ and ‘psychischer’ when elaborating the apparatus’s function. One pictures the unknown apparatus that serves the mind’s activities as being an instrument constructed from various parts (Jian 611). Each part performs a specific function, and they all have a spatial and fixed relation with each other. Therefore, the spatial relation acts as a representation of successive functions that work towards improving one’s understanding of themselves. However, Freud proposes the psychic apparatus as a theoretic function towards explaining the functions of the mind but not its neurologic structure (Jian 613). It stands out as a hypothesis open to revision and restructuring, and psychologists can value its function depending on what they see to achieve in the long run. Freud’s participation in creating a better understanding of ego allows a psychologist to tell apart from its three phases. Ideally, the ego plays the part of personality whereby it meditates the demands made by the id, reality, and superego. As illustrated earlier, it helps an individual not to act upon their basic urges but work towards achieving a balance between the moral and idealistic standards. Its strong ties towards the id imply that it can operate in the unconscious state despite it being present in the conscious and preconscious. Moreover, it operates on the reality principle in a bid to satisfy the id’s demands or desires in a realistic and socially appropriate manner. The Id It is a disorganized part of an individual’s personality structure, which contains the basic human instinctual drives (Solms 5). What makes it unique is that it is the only personality that exists within a human being since they were born and remains part and parcel of their lives. Therefore, it controls the bodily wants, impulses, needs and plays a part in aggressive and sexual drives. These features allow it to stand out against the other two personalities and works towards defining an individual. It contains libido; a primary source of one’s instinctual force, which can be unresponsive towards the demands made in reality (Solms 12). The psychic force motivates one to the seek immediate gratification from any impulse. Moreover, it plays a crucial part towards displeasure or avoids pain aroused by the increase in instinctual tension. Freud defines the id as the dark and inaccessible part of a human being’s personality, and the little people know of it comes from an immersive study of the dream work and neurotic symptoms (Solms 7). However, the negative character of an individual plays a major role in defining their definition of contrast to the ego they possess inherentlty. Therefore, psychologists approach the id with certain analogies such as chaos or excitations due to its energy that arises from instincts. However, it lacks an organization and produces no collective will, which might prove to be an issue towards people without self-control or will (Solms 17). Nevertheless, it allows one to strive towards bringing about a satisfaction of their instinctual needs and observe a certain principle of pleasure. The id tends to have contrary impulses that exist side by side and do not cancel out on each other (Solms 21). Therefore, there is nothing present in the id one can compare with negation or correspond to their ideology of the time. With time, the id restructures itself to be the ego; the physic apparatus, which begins at birth in an undifferentiated id develops to a structured ego. Therefore, the id contains everything present from birth and lays it down in their construction towards being an ego (Solms 25). The instincts find their first psychical expression in various forms commonly present in people. Through time and experience, one continues to define their relationship with others and works towards expressing themselves in ways that might please others or work hand in hand with certain demographics defined by the society. It would be true to state that the mind of a new board tends to be completely id-ridden and the sense of mass instinctiveness of impulses and drives, leads to the need for immediate satisfaction of one’s emotions and feelings. In such a case, the id does not know the judgments of value, good, evil or morality as it relies upon the instinctual cathexes, which seek to discharge themselves from one’s body. The id remains present in the body of every human being till their death, whereby Freud defines it as the death drive, which propels one to have a hypothesis about their death instinct (Jian 612). The instinct would express itself, probably in as a part of destruction and work against the external world as well as other organisms. The id, as expressed by Freud, stands out as the instinctual impulses that drive one to destructive instinct and life instincts. The Ego With an in-depth perspective towards the id, it is easy for one to understand the ego and the roles it plays towards one’s development. It stands out as the organized part of a human being’s personality structure, which includes their intellectual-cognitive, perceptual, defensive and executive functions (Jespersen and Kroger 229). Certain structures such as conscious awareness exist in the ego though not all the operations stand out as being conscious. Originally, Feud defined the ego as a sense of self, mitigating one’s conscious and will towards certain aspects of their life. However, he redefined it to a set of psychic function which allows the body to operate or relate with day to day affairs. These functions include memory, intellectual functioning, synthesis of information, defense, reality testing, planning, control and tolerance among others (Jespersen and Kroger 231). The ego allows one to define what is real and fake or what the society will deem as authentic (Syed and Seiffge-Krenke 371). Due to its structural functions, the ego allows one organize their thoughts in a form that makes sense to them and the society. Therefore, the ego plays a major part in the id as it modifies it towards a direct influence of the world regarding common sense and reasoning. The id tends to rely on an individual’s passion, which might lead to more commotions if one was to rely on it for day to day interaction with people (Syed and Seiffge-Krenke 371). One great example is a man and his horse. If the horse were to choose to act out by itself, it would bring damage to the man; hence the man has to guide the horse towards the right directions. As illustrated, the ego serves three masters: the id, the super-ego and the external world and has to find a balance between the primitive drives registered by them and reality, while at the same time satisfying the super-ego and id (Wallerstein 313). Therefore, the ego’s main concern is the individual’s safety while allowing the expression some of their id’s desires. However, it has to regulate them to a point where the consequences of their desires are marginal or do not affect them at all. From its work, one tends to understand the id drives the ego, but the super-ego confines it to repulse with the struggles and reality in a bid to bring harmony (Wallerstein 313). Moreover, it navigates towards a comfortable point where the ego breaks out in anxiety towards the external world and strengths of passions registered by the id. Therefore, the ego has to work around these measures to please the three and hem towards the danger of causing a disconnect between the two sides. It has to be loyal towards the id and prefer to loss out the finer details of reality in a bid to minimize any conflicts and at the same time pretend to understand the reality. However, the super-ego is at bay watching the moves it makes and punishes it with certain feelings of inferiority, anxiety or guilt in a bid to make it less inferior (Syed and Seiffge-Krenke 371). The ego has to employ defense mechanisms that are not direct or conscious. It lessens the tension building up in the impulses that threaten one to overreact. The defense mechanisms come into play when the id’s behavior seeks to start a conflict with society’s taboos, morals and morals or reality (Syed and Seiffge-Krenke 371). In the end, the individual learns to internalize these taboos, norms, and morals, guiding their perspective of life and future direction. In the current modern English, the ego exists in various meanings. It could be one’s self-esteem or self-worth or a conscious thinking of self. Its development stands out as multiple processes that inflict cognitive functions, interpersonal skills, defenses or early adolescence. Super-ego The super-ego reflects one’s internalization of cultural rules taught by parents or guardians during guidance and counseling or influence. Freud develops the super-ego concept from an earlier combination of consciousness and ego’s ideal (Sletvold 1025). The installation acts as a successful instance of one’s identification with a particular parental agency guiding their development. The super-ego tends to take on one’s influence towards being an adult, where one thinks like their parents, teachers, or educators. Freud states that a child constructs their super-ego from their parents’ super-ego and not their parent’s ideal model (Sletvold 1030). Their aim works towards perfecting what their parents or guardians did not achieve. Therefore, one tends to develop individual spiritual goals, ego ideals, and psychic agency. The super-ego tends to work contrary to the id as it strives to act in a socially acceptable manner, while the id seeks to have its self-gratification (Klein 39). Therefore, the super-ego tends to control one’s sense of guilt, right and wrong and helps them fit within the society by fusing socially acceptable ways. In most cases, the super-ego’s demand tends to oppose the id and might lead to a conflict between the two, leaving the ego to reconcile both sides. Freud’s theory tends to imply that the super-ego might be a symbolic internalization of cultural regulations and father figure (Klein 42). It stands in opposition to the id’s desires, creating a conflict in their objectives as well as the ego’s aggressiveness. However, the super-ego works towards containing their conscience and maintain a sense of perception and morality from taboos (Klein 44). A child’s state of helplessness and their Oedipus complex tends to form the ego and super-ego . The formation takes place when one seeks to identify their skillset and internalize a certain father-figure perspective. Ideally, the super-ego tends to retain the father’s character while providing a powerful Oedipus complex that will rapidly succumb to repression. In conclusion, Sigmund Freud’s contribution towards understanding the ego psychology allows psychologists to understand the three states of human behavior. Moreover, one tends to relate better with their ego and understand certain developments during the lives. The resources and teachings provided by Freud contributed towards the development of the three states of human behavior. These concepts are ideal towards improving psychology and interpretation of certain human desires and behaviors registered by a patient. Works Cited Jespersen, Kine and Jane Kroger. Identity status and ego development: A meta-analysis. Identity, vol 13, no. 3 (2013): 228-241. Jian, Yan. Discussion of the Postgraduates’ Reading Views—Based on Freud’s Theory About â€Å"Ego,†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Id,† and â€Å"Super-Ego†. US-China Education Review, vol 6, no.10 (2016): 610-613. Klein, Melanie. Early Stages of The Oedipus Complex 1. Burke, Nancy. Gender and Envy. London: Routledge, 2014. 39-45. Sletvold, Jon. The ego and the id revisited Freud and Damasio on the body ego/self. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, vol 94, no .5 (2013): 1019-1032. Solms, Mark. The conscious id. Neuropsychoanalysis, vol 15, no .1 (2013): 5-19. Syed, Moin and Inge Seiffge-Krenke. Personality development from adolescence to emerging adulthood: linking trajectories of ego development to the family context and identity formation. Journal of personality and social psychology, vol 104, no. 2 (2013): 371. Wallerstein, Robert S. Self Psychology and â€Å"Classical† Psychoanalytic Psychology—The Nature of Their Relationship. Reflections on Self Psychology (Psychology Revivals) (2014): 313.

case study student development - 1772 Words

Case Study Paper Hiring a Diverse Staff Southwest State University is hiring new Resident Assistants (RA). Southwest State University is a small public baccalaureate university of approximately 2,500 students. Second year hall director Marcus is serving his first year on the Resident Assistant Selection committee. The school holds twenty positions and currently has seven available. Cheryl is the head of the RA Selection committee and she is the Assistant Director of Residence Life. The committee will interview nineteen students and rank them from â€Å"best† to â€Å"not ready† for the position. In the ranking process, Cheryl asked them to take note of candidates’ race and ethnicity based on observable†¦show more content†¦It is good to have diversity in a staff, but if members are in different stages of development, it could have a ripple effect and turn the whole organization around. Marcus, who was a part of the search committee for new RA’s, seemed confused ab out the process of finding a new RA. Cheryl mentioned that interviewing was just one part of the selection, which indicated there is another part to the hiring process. Cheryl decided to go ahead and offer positions to the students of color, and these students of color will not have to do the second part of the process. Schuh mentions assessment as analyzing and interpreting evidence that describes institutional, divisional, or agency effectiveness (Schuh et al., 2011). Schuh then recommends evaluation to use the assessment to improve departmental and institutional effectiveness. To become effective as an organization, assessments and evaluations are important to produce success. Without assessment and evaluation, finding a good fit for a program will be hard. Cheryl did not do a full assessment of all the students when going through an interview process. She is having the students of color miss out on the next stage in the hiring process because they are of color. The justice in th is case is threatened because not every student has the same chance of actually becoming an RA from the beginning. The loss of trust could also be comprised in Marcus eyes towards Cheryl, because she does not trust or listen to hisShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of The Personal Development For Citizenship Education1220 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of the Personal Development Purpose to Citizenship Education I believe there is an immense responsibility on a Social Studies teacher to develop good and responsible students who value their identity and citizenship. The Alberta Social Studies curriculum emphasizes that, â€Å"the dynamic relationship between citizenship and identity forms the basis for skills and learning outcomes in the program of studies† (Alberta Education 2005, p. 3). 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Tourism and hospitality operations management Free Essays

INTRODUCTION Operations management in tourism and hospitality refers to the work done in the different fields of hotel industry. Jobs in the hospitality industry, such as hotels, restaurants, catering, resorts and casinos as well as other hospitality positions that deal with tourists generally, refers to hospitality. Hospitality involves the relationship process between the hotel and a guest and the act of being hospitable, such as guest reception and entertainment with friendliness, goodwill and liberality. We will write a custom essay sample on Tourism and hospitality operations management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tourists who travel for recreation or leisure purposes is related to tourist management. In recent years, tourism has become a popular global leisure activity among worldwide customers. The project is about Ramada Encore London West. TASK ONE 1.1 Quality and its benefits within the Hospitality context Quality means, serving in a manner which suits to the tourist within the limits of the industry. It also refers to the quality provided to the people who have visited an individuals’ place. The best of the services provided by the operations team is called quality. Delivering quality service is one of the major challenges facing hospitality managers in the opening years of the millennium. It is be an essential condition for success in the emerging, keenly competitive, global hospitality markets. While the future importance of delivering quality hospitality service is easy to discern and to agree on, doing so presents some difficult and intriguing management issues. Since the delivery of hospitality service always involves people, these issues centre on the management of people, and in particular on the interactions between guests and staff, interactions that are called service encounters. In the eyes of our guests, our hospitality businesses will succeed or fail depending on the cumulative impact of the service encounters in which they have participated. It is easy to check the importance of managing these service encounters.Think back to the last time you visited a hotel or restaurant.Service encounters are the building blocks of quality hospitality service. First, hospitality managers should identify each encounter in the chain that they wish to take apart, and then single out those that are of operational or strategic significance – in effect, focusing in on the few encounters that really make a difference to guest experience and thus to the bottom line. Second, apply what we have called the 6 S’s to improving these critical encounters through effective redesign. While the first step may seem obvious, it is important to identify a service chain and then to break it down into the component encounters. Too much detail takes time and resources, and may confuse rather than clarify.Too little and we may miss important problems.The process is iterative, with more detail needed in some areas and less in others, and with an overriding consideration that the chain is assessed not just from the point of view of a manager but also from that of a guest. Those that add significant value to the guest, those that cost in time or money, those that help to differentiate the business from its competitors, and those where significant innovation is possible or occurring. Hospitality service encounters run the gamut from those that are very trivial to those that are highly critical. They vary greatly in their nature and may be simple or complex, standard or custom, low tech or high tech, remote or friendly, low or high skill, frequent or occasional, and so on. They can be instrumental dealing with the performance of necessary utilitarian activities or can involve emotion-laden hospitality events. An initial management task is to understand a service encounter by discerning and dealing with those attributes that are most important to guests. In doing so, pertinent questions must be raised about the specific service encounter(s) under consideration. With respect to a particular service encounter, hospitality managers might raise many questions like the following: The specific encounter(s) under consideration will, of course, indicate the kinds of questions that should be pursued. It is important to obtain adequate information to understand the situation thoroughly. Determining the context of a situation relating to a hospitality encounter that has gone wrong establishes parameters for improvement. All this is part of the second step.With the information at hand hospitality managers can organize, and analyze the data and it is here that the 6S approach can help. These are: Specification Staff Space System Support Style Specification means clearly detailing information about the what, when, where, and how, of service encounters. It requires giving careful thought to the linkages between particular service encounters and others in the service chain. When hospitality managers have carried out these two step process they will be in an excellent position to make decisions that will both improve the quality of hospitality services provided and guest perceptions of them. Zeroing in on hospitality service quality in this manner will help hospitality businesses meet the service challenges of the millennium, enhance their market positions, and reap the associated profit rewards. Staff in the hospitality industry must be trained to enhance all the issues resolved in time, before the consumers enable to dismantle the theory of having been not satisfied with the hotel staff and the services provided. The hotel must have a very good accommodation to have all its clients feel at home. A good space leads to more impressive and lucrative offers for the consumers to come at regular intervals. Space means a big area being controlled and operated by the hotel management and the staff. There should be discipline in the work being allotted to each and every department. That means that the system of working as a family and in a healthy atmosphere be supplemented and enhanced to face any number of customers in the hotel. Support from all the managerial staff makes a real sense of developing the adjustments made by the hotel. The presentation of the hotel should be in such a way that it attracts the eyes of the clients. The style applied to all the rooms, bar, restaurant, pool side and the lobby must be so much eccentric that the onlookers feel proud to be the part of such an organization. More than ever it is important for businesses to be offering the best service to their clients and ensuring that their needs are being met so they stay loyal customers. The increasing use of electronic communication benefits business with efficiency gains but can be detrimental with the interaction with clients. We all need to hold onto and look after our customers and one of the best ways to obtain quality time with valuable clients as well as potential clients and top performing employees is to take them to an exclusive or very popular event such as a high profile sporting event demonstrating to them how much you value them. The best way to spend time at an event is going with a corporate package, for many reasons. Firstly by doing it in style and creating a special occasion people will remember it for years to come and will certainly show how much you value them by going that bit further than buying tickets to the event. Taking employees and clients here will pay you dividends in the future as it will encourage loyalty and continue bringing in valuable income. Using hospitality facilities will provide you with space to spend time with valuable clients and those contacts that you want to convert into customers. Having that prime location at the event gives you a huge benefit over sitting in a crowded and noisy stadium. It is a much better suited environment to enjoy the event while talking business too. Going with a hospitality package can often give you the opportunity to network as other companies will be sharing the facilities with their clients. You can find valuable clients and contacts this way. Supplier selection criteria for a particular product or service category should be defined by a â€Å"cross-functional† team of representatives from different sectors of your organization. In a manufacturing company, for example, members of the team typically would include representatives from purchasing, quality, engineering and production. Team members should include personnel with technical/applications knowledge of the product or service to be purchased, as well as members of the department that uses the purchased item. Common supplier selection criteria: Previous experience and past performance with the product/service to be purchased. Relative level of sophistication of the quality system, including meeting regulatory requirements or mandated quality system registration (for example, ISO 9001, QS-9000). Ability to meet current and potential capacity requirements, and do so on the desired delivery schedule. Financial stability. Technical support availability and willingness to participate as a partner in developing and optimizing design and a long-term relationship. Total cost of dealing with the supplier (including material cost, communications methods, inventory requirements and incoming verification required). The supplier’s track record for business-performance improvement. Total cost assessment. Methods for determining how well a potential supplier fits the criteria: Obtaining a Dun Bradstreet or other publicly available financial report. Requesting a formal quote, which includes providing the supplier with specifications and other requirements (for example, testing). Visits to the supplier by management and/or the selection team. Confirmation of quality system status either by on-site assessment, a written survey or request for a certificate of quality system registration. Discussions with other customers served by the supplier. Review of databases or industry sources for the product line and supplier. Evaluation (SUCH AS prototyping, lab tests, OR validation testing) of samples obtained from the supplier. The Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality Tourism serves as a medium to share and disseminate new research findings, theoretical development and superior practices in hospitality and tourism service quality. The journal aims to publish cutting-edge empirically and theoretically sound research articles which advance and foster hospitality and tourism research and practices. Academicians and practitioners explore current and important development information on quality planning, development, management, marketing, evaluation, and adjustments within the field. As a result, this journal will help readers to keep up-to-date on the latest theory development and research findings, improve business practices, stay informed of successful hospitality strategies, maintain profit requirements, and increase their market share in this complex and growing field. Comprised of conceptual and methodological research papers, research notes, case studies, and review books and conferences the Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality Tourism offers readers examples of real world practices and experiences that involve: organizational development and improvement operational and efficiency issues quality policy and strategy service quality improvement and customer satisfaction managerial issues, such as employee empowerment benefits, quality costs, returns on investment the role and participation of private and public sectors, including residents international, national, and regional tourism; tourism destination sites; arid systems of tourism Allowing readers the opportunity to share experiences and thoughts with colleagues in the field, this journal also contains several columns that examine different and valuable information sources, including:research notes– significant findings related to the goals of the journal dissertations and master’s theses abstracts– examine quality assurance related topics book reviews– recently published works that discuss the strengths structure of the book, subject matter, readability, and discussions about the work’s contribution to existing practices and knowledge in the field conference reviews– highlighting discussing specific papers presented at conferences their importance in the field web site reviews– interesting helpful hospitality tourism web sites. Covering several crucial areas in each issue, this journal provides essential information that can be applied to businesses, the classroom, and new research projects. Bringing together a variety of perspectives from around the world, the Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality Tourism has the current, comprehensive, and vital information necessary to evaluate the quality of services and improve customer satisfaction in a cost-effective manner. 1.2 Quality Awards/Systems that Hospitality Organizations operate within The concept of quality management in hospitality industry is very important. The hospitality industry is one of the most important industries in the world that has been growing at unique rate owing to the increased rate of globalization. The amplified activities in tourism industry and improved international trade are among the factors that have led to increased growth of the hospitality industry. There has been increased trend towards equivalence of services in the hospitality industry and this is being driven by the need for augmentation of quality of services. As the level of competition increase in the industry, the competitive advantage has been created through provision of high quality services. In order to understand the trend in enrichment of quality of services in the industry, this paper will review a number of studies on the subject. The case of Ramada Encore London West discusses how total quality management has been used in London in the enhancement of quality in thehospitality industry. This acknowledges that total quality management is a concept that has gained increased use in the hospitality industry. In recognition of the importance of quality management in the hospitality industry, the ISO 9000 has been an important step in setting standards for the implementation of total quality management in the industry. Enhancement of quality in the hospitality industry is cited to increase the level of customer satisfaction, increased sales and better profits for business in the hospitality industry. Total Quality Management (TQM) is however sometimes difficult to implement in hospitality industry owing to the difficult in identifying some of the most appropriate quality measures. This study identified the need to use the quality triangle in hospitality industry including focus on customers, team work approach to unify goals, and use of scientific approach in decision making. Through comparing TQM in manufacturing and hospitality industry, the study gives important review on how hospitality industry can use the TQM concept to improve their services. This study is important since it shows how organization in the hospitality industry can actually use TQM concept to enhance quality in their products and services. It is important to understand that TQM is s wholesome approach which doesn’t only look at one aspect of quality management but concentrate on quality in on all aspects. HACCP is one of the most important aspects in TQM that defines quality. HACCP defines the important points at which quality should be ensured. Through understanding the important points in the process of food production or offering of service where quality can be enhanced, it become easier to enhance quality. While HACCP is an important factor in quality enhancement process that has been used in large food manufacturers, it has been slowly employed in the small business especially in the hospitality industry. The study found out that there are more than eleven barriers to enhancement of HACCP in enhancement of quality. This has one of the most comprehensive studies in implementation of HAACP in the hospitality industry.The findings of the study are important since they show the importance of HACCP in enhancement of quality of products and services in hospitality industry. Quality enhancement is important in determining the rating of hotels in hospitality industry. It is also related to princes of products and services in the industry. In their study on Quality and Pricing in the Hotel Industry: The Mobil â€Å"Star† and Hotel Pricing Behaviour, Henley, Cotter, and Duncan (2004) argues that price is closely tied to pricing of products. They argue that quality is one of the most important determinants of price not only in hospitality industry but also in other industries as well. However, they concede that it is fortunate that in the hospitality industry, quality evaluation and prince information are availed for consumer and have also been published in consumer guides. They give the example of The Mobili Travel Guides as one of the most important sources of information regarding quality and price of products offered in hospitality industry. To find whether hotels usually do change their pricing and quality strategy when their rating is affected in such consumer guides. This study found out that price is tied to quality of services and products. Most hotels raises their prices when their rating goes higher and lowers the consequently when their rating is lowered, and the same happens at Ramada Encore London West. The results are important to enhancement of quality in hospitality industry. It reveals that quality of service offered has an effect on rating of the hotels and hence the price of their product. There are different factors affecting the quality of services in the hospitality industry. In their review of different factors affecting quality in the Ramada Encore London West shows that the growth of tourisms industry in different parts of the world have led to increased attention to quality assurance in the hospitality industry. The hotel looked into influence of consumer perception on quality of services, the study found out that different factors like previous acquaintance with the hotel, perception and efficiency, perception of value, type of restaurant services, quality of conference facilities, and staff attitudes are among the important factors that affect consumer perception of quality in a given hotel. It is important to operators in the industry who want to improve their quality since they would focus on these factors. It implies that to enhance quality, hotels must understand the important factors that are used by consumers to assess quality of services and products and henceforth improve them. Employees of Ramada Encore London West have a lot of influence on the quality of service offered by the organization. Employees are the main point of contact between organization and the customers. Following the HACCP model, this is an important point and there should be efforts to enhance quality at this point. In deed, this point has been reinforced by Kattara, Dina, and El-Saidin their study on the impact of employee behaviour on customers’ service quality perceptions and overall satisfaction. In this study, Kattara et al., (2008) attempted to investigate the relationship between the positive and negative employee behaviour, customer sensitivity of the quality of service offered and the satisfaction of the employees. This study revealed that employee behaviours whether negative or positive are well correlated with customer satisfaction. Through review of past and current literature, the study found out that customer discernment is mainly influenced by the quality of servic e they received at a given hotel. This study is important enhancement of quality in the hospitality industry since it looked at the relationship between employees and their customers. Consumers are also important determinant of the quality of service offered in the industry through their reviews.Consumer awareness is an important factor that can be used by consumers to show the level of quality in the industry. While a manager may think that their service are quality, customer many think otherwise. Therefore the author suggests setting up a program that will assist in monitoring go standards of services to enhance quality. Quality management is not only about ornamental quality of goods and services. The hospitality industry in has not been keen on integrating occupation health and safety with quality management systems. If OHS is not integrated with quality management system, most organization can degenerate from health participatory process to mere bureaucratic management tool. The findings of this study are important since they show the importance of integrating OHS and quality systems. Both concepts are closely related and enhance each other. 1.3 Internal System within the Front Office Area The Front Office utility of a Hotel is to act as the public face of the hotel, chiefly by greeting hotel consumers and checking in guests. It also provides assistance to guests during their stay completes their lodgings, food and beverage, accounts and receives payment from guests. Department is typically poised of 1. Reception 2. Reservation 3. Concierge 4. PBX (phone service system) 5. Telephone a) Front Office: Sell guestrooms; register guests and design guestrooms. Coordinate guest services provide information. Maintain precise room statistics, and room key inventories. Maintain guest account statements and complete proper financial settlements b) Reservation: Receive and process reservation requests for future overnight accommodations. With technology development, the Reservation Department can, on real time, access the number and types of rooms available, various room rates, and furnishings, along with the various facilities existing in the hotel Edgar Dsouz FRONT OFFICE – is the â€Å"nerve center† in the entire hotel operations. All the transaction passes through within this department. The Front Office Department comprise of the Reception, Guest Service Offices, Bell Services, Reservation, Operators, Executive Club, Health and Recreation Center and Business Center. The purpose of the Front Office Department is to provide guests assistance with luggage, transportation, information concerning the hotel and the city, and any other service arrangements needed during their stay. Employees of the Front Office Department often provide the first and last impression of the hotel to our guests. It is therefore vitally important that employees display a prompt and courteous attitude to all guests and demonstrate the excellence in service. The Front Office Manager who comes under the direct supervision of the Director of Rooms and supervises the Front Office Department Important of Front Office Department to the Hotel .Hospitality, warm welcome .Often provide first and last impression. .Often have longest contact with guest. .Continuity: Long term service, recognition of repeat guests, remember names, guest histories. .Acquaint guest with hotel. .Sell hotel food and beverage outlets. .Upsell: Suggest deluxe and suites. .Smoother over disgruntled guests. TASK TWO 2.1 Supply Chain Management Strategies For the organizations which are concerned in tourism, competence is conditioned, among other determinants, by the harmonization and synchronization of all participants’ efforts from the unambiguous performance chain: tourism services suppliers, tour-operators, travel agencies and tourists themselves. Among these participants, a special role is assigned to the tour-operators. Going from certain tourism attractions, they take upon themselves the manufacture of those products that are required by tourists, assembling the different basic and complementary tourism services that are offered by numerous services suppliers, and further, distributing them to the retailers, or directly to the tourists. The impact of their activity is very strong because through the realized products they incorporate different types of tourist services. Going from these aspects and analyzing in a similar manner the tourism activity as the material goods manufacturing activity from logistical point of vie w, it can be said that, successful activity can be achieved when those different participants categories act like a system, into a supply chain. On tour-operators’ level, the supply chain management incorporates, among the others, planning and management activities concerning purchasing suppliers selection, internal logistics’ management, as well as collaboration with all marketing channel partners. Internal logistics involves activities that refers to purchasing, operations’ support and some aspects that are similar with physical distribution, the supply chain being structured by cooperation between a various number of participants, from raw materials suppliers (their impact is visible especially in catering, foods or beverage suppliers services), up to end consumers. Otherwise, the role of the last category is more important because they lend the tourism activity specific nature, through there’s participation on a successful holiday product. Supply chains evolve in harmony with changes in the market and their ambitions. The fruition of supply chain is correlated to different elements of progress in the business context referred to as performance capacity, innovation and clock speed. These correlations are the starting point of moving the chain towards the higher goals and therefore are of most importance. In order to assure that the chain is moving on the right path in its evolutionary journey, the journey must start based on the most precise data available. Different firms and diverse supply chains have dissimilar business strategies and value propositions, and answering those questions is often harder than one might imagine. To illustrate, let’s look at some examples of metrics that are mis-aligned: cases in which a company discovered that they weren’t measuring the things that really mattered to their customers. Companies must always be concerned with their competition. Today’s marketplace is shifting from individual company presentation to supply chain performance: the entire chain’s ability to meet end-customer needs through product availability and responsive, on-time delivery. Supply chain performance crosses both functional lines and company boundaries. Functional groups (engineering/RD, manufacturing, and sales/marketing) are all instrumental in designing, building, and selling products most efficiently for the supply chain, and traditional company boundaries are changing as companies discover new ways of working together to achieve the ultimate supply chain goal: the ability to fill customer orders faster and more efficiently than the competition. To accomplish that goal, you need performance process, or â€Å"metrics†, for global supply chain performance improvements. Your performance measures must show not only how well you are providing for your customers (service metrics) but also how you are handling your business (speed, asset/inventory, and financial metrics). Given the cross-functional environment of many supply chain improvements, your metrics must prevent â€Å"organizational silo† behaviour which can hinder supply chain routine. Supply Chain Strategies are the critical backbone to Business Organizations today. Effective Market coverage, Availability of Products at locations which hold the key to revenue recognition depends upon the effectiveness of Supply Chain Strategy rolled out. Very simply stated, when a product is introduced in the market and advertised, the entire market in the country and all the sales counters need to have the product where the customer is able to buy and take delivery. Any glitch in product not being available at the right time can result in drop in customer interest and demand which can be disastrous. Transportation network design and management assume importance to support sales and marketing strategy. Inventory control and inventory visibility are two very critical elements in any operations for these are the cost drivers and directly impact the bottom lines in the balance sheet. Inventory means value and is an asset of the company. Every business has a standard for inventory turnaround that is optimum for the business. Inventory turnaround refers to the number of times the inventory is sold and replaced in a period of twelve months. The health of the inventory turn relates to the health of business. In a global scenario, the finished goods inventory is held at many locations and distribution centers, managed by third parties. A lot of inventory would also be in the pipeline in transportation, besides the inventory with distributors and retail stocking points. Since any loss of inventory anywhere in the supply chain would result in loss of value, effective control of inventory and visibility of inventory gains importance as a key factor of Supply Chain Management function. 2.2 Supplier Selection Process Supplier selection criterion for a particular product or service category should be defined by a â€Å"cross-functional† team of representatives from different sectors of your organization. In a manufacturing company, for example, members of the team typically would include representatives from purchasing, quality, engineering and fabrication. Team members should include personnel with technical/applications knowledge of the product or service to be purchased, as well as members of the subdivision that uses the purchased item. Common provider selection criteria: Previous experience and past recital with the product/service to be purchased. Comparative level of sophistication of the quality system, including meeting regulatory requirements or mandated quality system registration (for example, ISO 9001, QS-9000). Ability to meet current and potential aptitude requirements, and do so on the desired delivery schedule. Financial stability. Technical support availability and willingness to participate as a partner in developing and optimizing design and a long-term relationship. Total cost of dealing with the supplier (including material cost, communications methods, inventory requirements and incoming verification required). The supplier’s track record for business-performance improvement. Total cost assessment. Methods for determining how well a potential supplier fits the criteria: Obtaining a Dun Bradstreet or other publicly available financial report. Requesting a formal quote, which includes providing the supplier with specifications and other requirements (for example, testing). Visits to the supplier by management and/or the selection team. Confirmation of quality system status either by on-site assessment, a written survey or request for a certificate of quality system registration. Discussions with other customers served by the supplier. Review of databases or industry sources for the product line and supplier. Evaluation (SUCH AS prototyping, lab tests, OR validation testing) of samples obtained from the supplier. TASK THREE 3.1 Possible issues encountered by Operations Managers Lack of capital is often the most critical challenge that a successful manager or leader faces as its very success creates this and it quickly becomes a vicious circle. Without very diligent cash flow management and/or mounting of more capital, including debt, the business often is constrained by capital as it grows. Often the profit in one operating cycle is insufficient to fund the extra working capital required for the next operating cycle. Many capable managers cannot overcome the obstacles in their businesses cash flow cycle and cannot understand why bankers and other lenders often cannot provide the financing as the manager often does not have the security to support the debt. The solution is often easier than most entrepreneurs realize. It often starts with a plan to see what your cash needs are and when your cash needs arise. Then one is in a position to manage it and focus on the cash management techniques most likely to be successful in his/her business. Lack of management skills Lack of management skills is a problem that is very difficult to deal with in most small and medium enterprises as the size of the senior management team is necessarily limited. These areas of weakness could be in finance, human resources, marketing or any area where the current management does not have the expertise, or the time to deal with the issues. It can be solved by determining the weak areas and then developing a plan for dealing with those challenges. Solutions can be as simple as assigning the responsibility to an existing manager with a requirement to watch for the obvious pitfalls, to hiring a person part-time or a consultant. †¢ Lack of focus †¢ Ignoring risks in their assessment of alternatives and opportunities †¢ Lack of a plan †¢ Failure to plan for issues absorbing the majority of your time 3.2 Resolving the Issues An operations manager should be more proficient regarding his/her department when operating a staff of Tourism and Hospitality. The faces of the staff repair the atmosphere in the hotel for the customers. Issues should be handled and resolved with timely interviewing of the needs and responsibilities of the staff. It is compulsory for the managers to be more precise over the issues and no favours should be given to any particular person on gander basis. It’s the most aspiring issue which hinders the work at the work place and creates a substance of non judgemental circumstances for the front line managers. Operations manager must be focussed on the resolution and proper usage of time in work. This can be implemented on focussing on the demands of the staff which speak of the customers. By not giving any heed to the needs, the managers sometimes bring a bad and deliberate reputation to the designation and the atmosphere gives no other chance rather than to leave. Planning is another need for the operations managers. A good plan will lead a good presentation by the staff. A hotel only runs on the presentation of its criteria and backup must be strong to represent its nature. If the planning of the manager does not match the abilities of the staff then it can beheld that the operations manager lacks planning and needs to be refurbished on the planning and strategy building. Issues only happen when there is a lack of co-ordination amid the staff. While working in the field of hospitality one has to resolve the issues otherwise the presentation of the team will lack a lot of planning and debauchery of the things and conjugally. But if an operations manager will keep on defying the whole lot by giving advices and resolving the issues then his own hard made planning’s wont get much time to be implemented. So an operations manger must be sure on implementing and displaying of his plans in time instead to giving solvents for the problems and issues. Operations management has acquired great significance in the recent years due to an increase in the number of trans-national companies, whose operations are spread across the continents. It helps in developing the synergies between the various operations that are separated by time and space. OM has made it possible for trans-national companies, like Shell Corporation, to source crude oil from an oilrig in Europe and deliver the oil to a refinery located in Asia Pacific. OM is not limited to Oil Companies only. OM has enabled many companies to set up production and manufacturing at cost effective locations and source the required inputs from locations where procurement costs are low. Corporate social responsibility (CSR), which takes as its premise that firms ought to justify their existence in terms of service to assorted stakeholders rather than mere profit, has been a subject of much debate. Yet, notwithstanding certain critical voices, more and more businesses, including hospitality companies, are embracing CSR. Some – like Scandic – even embedded it into their business models, which means that CSR underpins their organizational modus operandi. Thus this paper, built around an analysis of Scandic’s Omtanke programme, aims to conceptualize CSR in the context of the hospitality sector. Great stress is laid, therefore, on the implications of CSR for hotel-based human resource management, local community support and promotion of environmental sustainability. Drawing on interviews with Scandic managers and internal documents, we examine the rationale and effects of various CSR initiatives carried out in Scandic hotels in recent years. Building on these insights, the paper concludes by making some recommendations of practical character and highlighting future research directions. Issues can be resolved in the process of making healthy relations of the staff and the customers in the hotel industry are very important. The selection of the staff depends upon the education provided and enhanced in an able way to product these things in such a way that these cannot be traumatised and bullied to halter the work of the hotel. REFERENCE LIST Philip Kotler, John Bowen, James Makens ——— Marketing for Hospitality Tourism 5th Edition Robert Johnston, Graham Clark ——- Service Operations Management 3rd Edition Chris Holloway, R. Davidson, Claire Humphreys—— The Business of Tourism 8th Edition Nigel Slack, Mike Lewis ——- Operations Strategy 3rd Edition Robert D. Reid, David ————Hospitality Marketing Management. Simon Hudson ————–Marketing for Tourism and Hospitality. Cathy Enz——————– Hospitality Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases. How to cite Tourism and hospitality operations management, Essay examples

Political Economy Executive Powers, Russia And Japan Essays

Political Economy: Executive Powers, Russia And Japan Summary of Powers Within the constitution of a nation, powers are delegated to certain institutions of that nation's government. Although in many cases similar, nations can vary drastically when defining the organizational structure from which they operate. Some democratic constitutions delegate more power to the executive branch while in other nations more power is given to the legislature. This point can be illustrated when the same branch of a nation's government is compared with that of another. An example of differing executive powers can be viewed between the Russian Federation and Japan. Japan's democracy was developed by General Macarthur alongside U.S. occupation authorities after WWII. It is that of a typical parliamentary system, similar in many ways to those of Europe. The prime minister is elected by the members of the Diet, or parliament, and serves until he or she losses the confidence of the House of Representatives or until the four year term is up (Palmer 264). The Russian democracy came about a half a century down the road. When communism ultimately fell in the Soviet Union, a popular figure under Gorbachev came into power under a fresh, democratic framework. His name was Boris Yeltsin. He put together a new constitution, based on the Constitution of France, that gave many formal powers to the executive branch. It allows for a dual executive; a president and a prime minister. The president is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and is empowered to rule by decree in a state of emergency (Palmer 334). He is also tied into the bureaucracy with the power to nominate and remove other bureaucrats and department heads from office. He nominates a prime minister and must approve the Cabinet. Behavioral Comparison From 1955 to 1993, Japan's legislature, or House of Representatives, was dominated by the Liberal Democratic Party. This meant that the president of the party was guaranteed to become prime minister. That element should have ensured the office of prime minister to be one of the strongest of that of the First World. Instead, it was among the weakest (Palmer 264). The function of Japan's prime minister is very similar to that of Russia's. However, the power of the executive branch in Russia resides in the office of the president. He nominates the prime minister and must approve the members of the cabinet (Palmer 334). The president, under the Yeltsin Constitution, has direct control over the major processes of government. Not a lot gets done without the president's approval (Palmer 335). In contrast to Russia's executive branch, Japan's prime ministers during this period spent most of their energy trying to keep the consensus between rival factions within the ruling party. Instead of having full control, with everything having to meet his approval, the main function of the Japanese prime minister is to compromise or to block policy initiatives coming from different administrative agencies or powerful business interests. Most of these initiatives come from Japan, Inc, an alliance between political, business, and administrative leaders who share one common goal, economic growth (Palmer 265). The success of a prime minister was based on his ability to broker between the different party factions, as opposed to the Russian president who develops and dictates policies. In the executive branch of both countries, there is a prime minister who resides over the Cabinet where the top ministries formulate and discuss policy. In Russia, as opposed to Japan, the existence of a president undermines the prime minister. The Cabinet reports directly to that office and everything must meet his approval (Palmer 335). In contrast, Japan's prime minister, as well as top Cabinet members, must be in support if a policy is going to be put into effect (Palmer 265). Therefore, although there is no powerful presidential hand helping things along in Japan, the final word still sits with the prime minister and the Cabinet. It could be said that Japan lacks strong, decisive leadership, and that Russia's executive branch, with the president as the psychological leader of the people, is superior. Yet it is Russia's economy that is deteriorating. In addition, despite that powerful office, Russia still needs the consensus it doesn't have to reform policy. In conclusion, despite the weakening